Ibyuma bitanga imirasire y'izubabyahindutse inkingi y'ingenzi mu gutanga ibisubizo by'ingufu zisubira, bikoresha ingufu z'izuba mu kubyaza umusaruro amashanyarazi ingo, ubucuruzi, ndetse n'inganda nini zitanga amashanyarazi. Gusobanukirwa ibice by'ingenzi n'imikorere y'imirasire y'izuba ni ingenzi ku muntu wese ushishikajwe no gukoresha iri koranabuhanga rirambye.
Mu mutima w'imashini zikoresha imirasire y'izuba hari selile ya photovoltaic (PV), ishinzwe guhindura imirasire y'izuba mo amashanyarazi. Izi selile zisanzwe zikozwe muri silikoni, ibikoresho bya semiconductor bifite ubushobozi budasanzwe bwo kwinjiza photon mu mirasire y'izuba. Iyo imirasire y'izuba igeze ku selile ya PV, irakurura electron, igatanga umuriro w'amashanyarazi. Iyi nzira yitwa ingaruka ya photovoltaic, kandi ni ryo hame ry'ibanze ry'uko selile z'izuba zakora.
Ibyuma by'izuba bigizwe n'ibice byinshi by'ingenzi, buri kimwe muri byo kikagira uruhare runini mu mikorere yabyo muri rusange. Igice cya mbere ni igipfukisho cy'ikirahure, kirinda uturemangingo tw'izuba ku bintu bidukikije nk'imvura, urubura n'umukungugu mu gihe kireka izuba rigacamo. Ikirahure gikunze koroshywa kugira ngo kirambe kandi cyagenewe kwihanganira ikirere kibi.
Munsi y'igipfundikizo cy'ikirahure hari uturemangingo tw'izuba ubwatwo. Utwo turemangingo tuba duteye mu buryo bw'urusobe rw'amazi kandi akenshi tuba dufungishijwe mu gice cya ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) kugira ngo turusheho kurinda no gukingira. Imiterere y'utwo turemangingo ni yo igena imikorere n'ingufu z'urusobe rw'amazi. Uturemangingo twinshi two mu rugo tugizwe n'uturemangingo 60 kugeza kuri 72, hamwe n'uturemangingo twinshi dufite uturemangingo twinshi kurushaho.
Ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi ni agapapuro k'inyuma, kaba ari agace gatanga uburinzi n'uburinzi inyuma y'agapapuro k'izuba. Ubusanzwe gakozwe mu bikoresho biramba bishobora kwihanganira imirasire ya UV n'ubushuhe, bigatuma agapapuro karamba. Agapapuro k'inyuma kagira uruhare mu mikorere myiza y'agapapuro mu kugabanya igihombo cy'ingufu.
Urusobe rw'urusobe rw'izuba ubusanzwe rukozwe muri aluminiyumu, rutanga inkunga y'inyubako kandi rukarinda kwangirika kw'umubiri. Urusobe kandi rworoshya ishyirwaho ry'urusobe rw'izuba ku gisenge cyangwa hasi, rutuma rushyirwa neza kugira ngo rufate urumuri rw'izuba rwinshi.
Kugira ngo umuriro uturutse ku mirasire y'izuba uhindurwemo umuriro uhindagurika (AC) ukoreshwa n'amazu menshi, imirasire y'izuba ikunze guhuzwa na inverter. Inverter ni igice cy'ingenzi gituma amashanyarazi aturuka ku mirasire y'izuba ahuzwa n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo ndetse n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa inverter, harimo inverter z'imigozi, microinverter, na power optimizer, buri imwe ifite ibyiza byayo n'imikoreshereze yayo.
Hanyuma, sisitemu yo kugenzura ni ingenzi cyane mu gukurikirana imikorere y'ingufu z'imirasire y'izuba. Iyi sisitemu yemerera umukoresha gukurikirana umusaruro w'ingufu, kumenya ibibazo byose, no kunoza imikorere y'ingufu z'imirasire y'izuba. Imashini nyinshi zigezweho zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zifite ubushobozi bwo kugenzura neza butanga amakuru y'igihe nyacyo binyuze kuri porogaramu za telefoni zigendanwa cyangwa interineti.
Muri make,paneli z'izubazigizwe n'ibice byinshi by'ingenzi, birimo uturemangingo twa photovoltaic, igifuniko cy'ikirahure, urupapuro rwo inyuma, frame, inverter, na sisitemu yo gukurikirana. Buri kimwe muri ibi bintu bigira uruhare runini mu mikorere rusange no mu mikorere myiza y'urusobe rw'izuba. Uko isi ikomeza gukoresha ingufu zisubiramo, gusobanukirwa ibi bice bizatuma abantu ku giti cyabo n'ibigo by'ubucuruzi bafata ibyemezo bisobanutse ku bijyanye no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ry'izuba, amaherezo bigatanga umusanzu mu iterambere rirambye ry'ejo hazaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-20-2024