Ibyuma bitanga imirasire y'izuba Byabaye amahitamo akunzwe cyane ku ngufu zishobora kuvugururwa, hakoreshejwe ingufu z'izuba mu gutanga amashanyarazi ku manywa. Ariko, ikibazo gikunze kugaragara ni iki: Ese imirasire y'izuba ishobora no gutanga amashanyarazi nijoro? Kugira ngo dusubize iki kibazo, tugomba gusuzuma byimbitse uburyo imirasire y'izuba ikora n'ikoranabuhanga rishobora kongera ikoreshwa ryayo mu gihe kitarenze amasaha y'izuba.
Ibyuma by'izuba, bizwi kandi nka photovoltaic (PV), bihindura imirasire y'izuba mo amashanyarazi binyuze mu ngaruka za photovoltaic. Iyo imirasire y'izuba igeze ku tunyangingo tw'izuba turi kuri iyo panel, itera imbaraga electron, igatanga umuriro w'amashanyarazi. Iyi gahunda ishingiye ku mirasire y'izuba, bivuze ko ibyuma by'izuba bikora neza cyane mu masaha y'amanywa iyo imirasire y'izuba ari myinshi. Ariko, ingufu zihagarara nyuma y'uko izuba rirenze, bigatuma benshi bibaza niba bishoboka ko amashanyarazi ashobora gukorwa nijoro.
Nubwo imirasire y'izuba isanzwe idashobora gutanga amashanyarazi nijoro,Hari ibisubizo bishya bishobora gufasha kuziba icyuho. Bumwe mu buryo bwiza cyane ni ugukoresha uburyo bwo kubika ingufu za batiri. Ubu buryo bubika amashanyarazi arenze atangwa ku manywa kugira ngo akoreshwe nijoro. Iyo imirasire y'izuba ikora amashanyarazi menshi kurusha ayo bikenewe, ingufu zirenze zikoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye mu gusharija batiri. Mu ijoro, iyo imirasire y'izuba itagikora, ingufu zibitswe zishobora kurekurwa zikajya mu ngo no mu bigo by'ubucuruzi.
Ubundi buryo bushya bukoresha sisitemu zikoresha ubushyuhe bw'izuba, zibika ubushyuhe kugira ngo zizakoreshwe nyuma. Izi sisitemu zifata urumuri rw'izuba kugira ngo zishyushye amazi, hanyuma zigahindurwamo umwuka kugira ngo zitere turbine kugira ngo zikore amashanyarazi. Ubu bushyuhe bushobora kubikwa mu bigega bifite ubushyuhe kandi bugakoreshwa na nyuma y'uko izuba rirenze, bigatanga ingufu zizewe nijoro.
Byongeye kandi, abashakashatsi bamwe barimo gusuzuma ubushobozi bwa thermophotovoltaics, ikoranabuhanga ryemerera imirasire y'izuba gukora amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe imirasire ya infrared itangwa n'Isi nijoro. Nubwo iri koranabuhanga rikiri mu ntangiriro, rifite icyizere cyo guteza imbere ahazaza ho gutanga ingufu z'izuba.
Byongeye kandi, guhuza imirasire y'izuba n'ikoranabuhanga rya "smart grid" bishobora kunoza imicungire y'ingufu. "Smart grids" zishobora kunoza ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu kubika, kuringaniza itangwa ry'amashanyarazi n'ikenewe, no kwemeza ko amashanyarazi aboneka igihe cyose bikenewe, ndetse no nijoro. Uku guhuza ingufu bishobora gutuma habaho uburyo bworoshye kandi bunoze bwo kuzikoresha.
Muri make, mu gihe gakondo paneli z'izuba Ntibishobora gukora amashanyarazi nijoro, iterambere mu kubika ingufu n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho riri gutegura inzira y'ejo hazaza harambye. Ikoranabuhanga riri kuzamuka nka sisitemu zo kubika bateri, ubushyuhe bw'izuba, na thermophotovoltaics byose bishobora kugira uruhare mu gukoresha ingufu z'izuba amasaha yose. Uko icyifuzo cy'ingufu zishobora kongera kwiyongera, ibi bisubizo bizagira uruhare runini mu kongera imikorere myiza y'imirasire y'izuba no kwemeza ingufu zizewe ndetse no mu gihe izuba rirenze. Ahazaza h'ingufu z'izuba ni heza, kandi hamwe n'udushya dukomeje, dushobora kwitega isi aho ingufu z'izuba zitakibangamirwa n'izuba rirenze.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira 10-2025